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Chapter 22: Problem 54

Why is the relationship between sustainable agriculture and nitrogen fixers called a mutualism? a. Due to agrobacterium which are nitrogen fixers, plants benefit from an endless supply of nitrogen; soils benefit from being naturally fertilized and bacteria benefit from using photosynthates from plants. b. Due to rhizobia, which are nitrogen fixers, plants benefit from an endless supply of nitrogen; soils benefit from being naturally fertilized and bacteria benefit from using photosynthates from plants. c. Due to rhizobia, which are nitrogen fixers, plants benefit from an endless supply of nitrogen; soils benefit from being naturally fertilized and bacteria benefit from using potassium from plants. d. Due to rhizobia, which are nitrogen fixers, plants benefit from a limited supply of nitrogen; soils benefit from being naturally fertilized and bacteria benefit from using potassium from plants.

Short Answer

Expert verified
Option b is correct because rhizobia provide plants with nitrogen, enrich the soil, and receive photosynthates from the plants.

Step by step solution

01

Understand the mutualism concept

Mutualism is a type of symbiotic relationship where both parties involved benefit. For sustainable agriculture, the focus is on the interaction between plants and nitrogen-fixing bacteria.
02

Identify the nitrogen fixers

Nitrogen fixers, such as rhizobia, are bacteria that convert atmospheric nitrogen into forms that plants can absorb and use. This nitrogen-fixing process is crucial for plant nutrition.
03

Analyze the benefits for plants

Plants benefit from the relationship by receiving a supply of nitrogen, which is essential for their growth. This endless supply fulfills a critical nutrient requirement for the plants.
04

Evaluate the benefits for soils

The soil benefits by being naturally fertilized. The nitrogen fixed by the bacteria enriches the soil, enhancing its nutrient content without the need for chemical fertilizers.
05

Assess the benefits for bacteria

In return, the bacteria receive photosynthates, which are organic compounds produced by the plants during photosynthesis. These compounds serve as a food source for the bacteria.
06

Eliminate incorrect options

Option a mentions agrobacterium, which is incorrect. Option c incorrectly states that bacteria use potassium from plants. Option d says that plants benefit from a limited supply of nitrogen, which is incorrect.
07

Select the correct answer

Based on the mutual benefits for plants, soils, and bacteria, option b accurately describes the mutualistic relationship. Therefore, the correct answer is b.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

nitrogen fixers
Nitrogen fixers play a critical role in sustainable agriculture by converting atmospheric nitrogen into a form that plants can absorb. This process, called nitrogen fixation, is essential for plant growth and development.
Common nitrogen-fixing bacteria include Rhizobia, which live in the roots of leguminous plants like beans, peas, and lentils.
These bacteria convert nitrogen in the air into ammonia, a form of nitrogen that plants can use.
This natural fertilization process reduces the need for chemical fertilizers, promoting a more sustainable and environmentally friendly agricultural practice.
rhizobia
Rhizobia are a type of nitrogen-fixing bacteria that form symbiotic relationships with legumes.
When legumes grow, they form nodules on their roots where Rhizobia bacteria live. These bacteria perform nitrogen fixation, converting atmospheric nitrogen into a form that the plant can use.
In return, the plant supplies the bacteria with photosynthates, organic compounds produced through photosynthesis. This mutual exchange benefits both the plant and the bacteria.
Rhizobia not only help the plant but also enrich the soil, making it more fertile for other crops.
symbiotic relationships
Symbiotic relationships involve two different organisms living closely together, with both benefiting from the relationship.
In the context of sustainable agriculture, the relationship between plants and nitrogen-fixing bacteria like Rhizobia is a prime example of mutualism.
The plant benefits by receiving an essential nutrient, nitrogen, while the bacteria benefit from the organic compounds produced by the plant.
This relationship enhances soil fertility naturally and reduces the need for chemical inputs.
Symbiotic relationships like these are key to promoting sustainable and environmentally friendly agricultural practices.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Which statement best explains which organisms need nitrogen fixation and why? a. Prokaryotes cannot use gaseous nitrogen to synthesize macromolecules, so it must be converted into ammonia. b. Prokaryotes cannot use ammonia to synthesize macromolecules, so it must be converted into gaseous nitrogen. c. Eukaryotes cannot use ammonia to synthesize macromolecules, so it must be converted into gaseous nitrogen. d. Eukaryotes cannot use gaseous nitrogen to synthesize macromolecules, so it must be converted into ammonia.

Which statement describing the environment of early Earth is false? a. The atmosphere contained much less molecular oxygen. b. Strong volcanic activity was common. c. It was subject to mutagenic radiation from the Sun. d. There was little to no geologic activity.

Which set of terms names diseases caused by bacteria? a. diptheria, bubonic plague, yellow fever b. yellow fever, dengue fever, bubonic plague c. bubonic plague, diptheria, cholera d. cholera, diptheria, dengue fever

Explain the relationship between Earth's ancient atmosphere and the evolution of some of the first life forms on Earth. Use the terms anaerobicandphototrophic, and explain the effect of cyanobacteria on the atmosphere. a. Phototrophic organisms appeared during the first two billion years of Earth's existence. Anaerobic organisms appeared within one billion years of Earth's formation. From these organisms evolved the cyanobacteria which produce oxygen as a by-product of photosynthesis, leading to the oxygenation of the atmosphere. b. For the first two billion years of Earth's existence, the atmosphere had no molecular oxygen. Thus, the first organisms were anaerobic. Cyanobacteria appeared within one billion years of Earth's formation. From these evolved the phototrophic organisms which produce oxygen as a by-product of photosynthesis, leading to the oxygenation of the atmosphere. c. For the first two billion years of Earth鈥檚 existence, the atmosphere had no molecular oxygen. Thus, the first organisms were anaerobic. Phototrophic organisms appeared within one billion years of Earth鈥檚 formation. From these organisms evolved the cyanobacteria, which produce oxygen as a byproduct of photosynthesis, leading to the oxygenation of the atmosphere. d. For the first two billion years of Earth鈥檚 existence, the atmosphere had no molecular oxygen. Thus, the first organisms were anaerobic. Cyanobacteria which produce oxygen as a by-product of photosynthesis, leading to the oxygenation of the atmosphere, appeared within one billion years of Earth鈥檚 formation. From these organisms evolved phototrophic organisms

What uses organic compounds as both an energy source and as a carbon source? a. chemolithotrophs b. photoautorophs c. photoheterotrophs d. chemoorganotrophs
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