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Chapter 16: Problem 35

How can external stimuli alter post-transcriptional control of gene expression? a. UV rays can alter methylation and acetylation of proteins. b. RNA binding proteins are modified through phosphorylation. c. External stimuli can cause deacetylation and demethylation of the transcript. d. UV rays can cause dimerization of the RNA binding proteins.

Short Answer

Expert verified
B. RNA binding proteins are modified through phosphorylation.

Step by step solution

01

Understand Post-Transcriptional Control

Post-transcriptional control refers to the regulation of gene expression that occurs after transcription, primarily at the RNA level. This can include processing, splicing, editing, transport, translation, and degradation of RNA.
02

Examine Each Option

Read through each of the options carefully to understand how they might affect post-transcriptional control.
03

Analyze Option A

Option A states 'UV rays can alter methylation and acetylation of proteins.' Methylation and acetylation are post-translational modifications affecting protein function but don't directly involve post-transcriptional control.
04

Analyze Option B

Option B states 'RNA binding proteins are modified through phosphorylation.' Phosphorylation can affect RNA binding proteins' activity, altering RNA stability and translation, which fits post-transcriptional control.
05

Analyze Option C

Option C suggests 'External stimuli can cause deacetylation and demethylation of the transcript.' These modifications are typically associated with histones and DNA, affecting transcription rather than post-transcriptional processes.
06

Analyze Option D

Option D claims 'UV rays can cause dimerization of the RNA binding proteins.' Dimerization of proteins could affect their role but is less specific compared to phosphorylation in directly modifying RNA processing.
07

Choose the Best Answer

Considering the direct impact on post-transcriptional control, the most precise option is B. Phosphorylation of RNA binding proteins can modify their function in RNA stability and translation.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

RNA binding proteins
RNA binding proteins (RBPs) play a crucial role in regulating post-transcriptional processes. These proteins interact with RNA molecules to control their processing, stability, and translation. With over 1,500 different RNA binding proteins identified, each has a specific function, helping in meticulously managing gene expression.

RBPs are essential for various cellular functions such as:
  • RNA splicing: slicing and connecting different RNA segments.
  • RNA transport: moving RNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
  • RNA stability: protecting RNA from degradation.
  • Translational regulation: controlling the production of proteins from RNA.
Understanding RNA binding proteins can help in recognizing how cells respond and adapt to external stimuli, ensuring a more dynamic regulation of gene expression.
phosphorylation
Phosphorylation is a process in which a phosphate group is added to a protein, changing its function. This modification is crucial for the activity and regulation of many proteins, including RNA binding proteins.

Phosphorylation can affect RNA binding proteins by:
  • Modifying their binding affinity to RNA.
  • Altering their subcellular localization (where they are in the cell).
  • Changing their interaction with other proteins.

As a result, phosphorylated RNA binding proteins can switch between active and inactive states, affecting RNA stability and translation. Phosphorylation is often triggered by external stimuli such as UV rays or growth factors, allowing cells to adapt quickly to environmental changes.
gene expression regulation
Gene expression regulation refers to the processes controlling the amount and timing of RNA and protein production in a cell. This regulation is essential for cellular function, development, and response to external stimuli.

Post-transcriptional control is a critical component of gene expression regulation, acting after the RNA is made. Key processes involved are:
  • RNA splicing: Removing non-coding regions from RNA.
  • RNA editing: Modifying the RNA sequence.
  • RNA transport: Moving processed RNA to where it can be translated.
  • RNA stability: Determining the RNA lifespan before degradation.
  • Translation: Converting RNA into proteins.

By controlling these steps, cells can rapidly adjust protein levels without the need to go back to the initial transcription phase. External stimuli can impact these processes, ensuring a flexible and efficient response to varying conditions.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Which statement is correct regarding the distinction between prokaryotic and eukaryotic gene expression? a. Prokaryotes regulate gene expression at the level of transcription whereas eukaryotes regulate at multiple levels including epigenetic, transcriptional and translational. b. Prokaryotes regulate gene expression at the level of translation whereas eukaryotes regulate at the level of transcription to manipulate protein levels. c. Prokaryotes regulate gene expression with the help of repressors and activators whereas eukaryotes regulate expression by degrading mRNA transcripts, thereby controlling protein levels. d. Prokaryotes control protein levels using epigenetic modifications whereas eukaryotes control protein levels by regulating the rate of transcription and translation.

What happens in the absence of tryptophan? a. RNA polymerase binds to the repressor b. the repressor binds to the promoter c. the repressor dissociates from the operator d. RNA polymerase dissociates from the promoter

What could happen if a cell had too much of an activating transcription factor present? a. The transcription rate would increase, altering cell function. b. The transcription rate would decrease, inhibiting cell functions. c. The transcription rate decreases due to clogging of the transcription factors. d. The transcription rate increases due to clogging of the transcription factors.

Post-translational modifications of proteins can affect which of the following? a. mRNA splicing b. 5鈥檆apping c. 3鈥檖olyadenylation d. chemical modifications

Gene A is thought to be associated with color blindness. The protein corresponding to gene A is isolated. Analysis of the protein recovered shows there are actually two different proteins that differ in molecular weight that correspond to gene A. What is one reason why there may be two proteins corresponding to the gene? a. One protein had a 5鈥� cap and a poly-A tail in its mRNA, and the other protein did not. b. One protein had a 5鈥� UTR and a 3鈥� UTR in its RNA, and the other protein did not. c. The gene was alternatively spliced. d. The gene produced mRNA molecules with differing stability.
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