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Chapter 15: Problem 26

Which of the following is associated with the docking of mRNA on a ribosome in eukaryotic cells? a. Kozak鈥檚 sequence b. poly-A sequence c. Shine-Dalgarno sequence d. TATA box

Short Answer

Expert verified
a. Kozak鈥檚 sequence

Step by step solution

01

Understand the Question

Determine which element is associated with the docking of mRNA on a ribosome in eukaryotic cells.
02

Identify the Sequences and Their Functions

Review the function of each given sequence: a. Kozak鈥檚 sequence: Important for initiating translation in eukaryotic mRNA. b. poly-A sequence: Tail added to mRNA for stability and export from nucleus. c. Shine-Dalgarno sequence: Ribosomal binding site in prokaryotic mRNA. d. TATA box: Promoter region for transcription.
03

Eliminate Incorrect Options

Remove the sequences that are not associated with translation initiation in eukaryotic cells: - Shine-Dalgarno sequence is used in prokaryotes. - TATA box is involved in transcription initiation, not translation. - poly-A sequence is for mRNA stability and export.
04

Confirm the Correct Answer

Kozak鈥檚 sequence is key for the correct positioning of mRNA on the ribosome in eukaryotic cells to initiate translation.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Kozak Sequence
The Kozak sequence is critical for initiating translation in eukaryotic cells. It is a specific sequence of nucleotides located near the start codon (AUG) of eukaryotic mRNA. The sequence is typically represented as (gcc)gccRccAUGG, where R is a purine (adenine or guanine) and the AUG is the start codon.
This sequence helps the ribosome recognize the correct start site for translation. By ensuring the ribosome docks properly, the Kozak sequence enhances the efficiency and accuracy of protein synthesis.
Key points about the Kozak sequence:
  • Found in eukaryotic mRNA near the start codon.
  • Ensures proper docking of mRNA on the ribosome.
  • Enhances the accuracy of translation initiation.
mRNA Docking
mRNA docking is a crucial step in the process of translation initiation in eukaryotic cells. During this step, the ribosome must recognize and bind to the mRNA to begin translating it into a protein. The process involves several elements:
  • The 5' cap: A modified guanine nucleotide added to the 5' end of the mRNA, which aids in ribosome binding.
  • The Kozak sequence: As previously mentioned, this sequence helps the ribosome identify the start codon.
  • Initiation factors: Proteins that assist in the assembly of the ribosome on the mRNA.
All these elements work together to ensure that the mRNA is properly docked onto the ribosome, allowing for the accurate translation of the genetic code into a functional protein.
Ribosome
The ribosome is a complex molecular machine responsible for synthesizing proteins in all living cells. In eukaryotic cells, it is composed of two subunits: the large 60S subunit and the small 40S subunit. The ribosome has several important functions:
  • Binding to mRNA: The ribosome recognizes specific signals, like the Kozak sequence, to dock the mRNA.
  • Decoding the mRNA: The ribosome reads the sequence of codons in the mRNA to assemble the corresponding amino acids into a polypeptide chain.
  • Catalyzing peptide bond formation: The ribosome facilitates the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids, creating the protein.
Understanding the structure and function of the ribosome is essential for grasping how translation occurs within cells.
Key aspects of the ribosome:
  • Consists of two subunits (60S and 40S) in eukaryotes.
  • Acts as the site of protein synthesis.
  • Responsible for reading mRNA and forming peptide bonds.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

What are introns? a. DNA sequences to which polymerases bind b. the processed mRNA c. translated DNA sequences in a gene d. untranslated DNA sequences in a gene

A poly-A sequence is added at the: a. 5鈥� end of a transcript in the nucleus b. 3鈥�-end of a transcript in the nucleus c. 5鈥� end of a transcript in the cytoplasm d. 3鈥�-end of a transcript in the cytoplasm

A mutation in the promoter region of the gene for the beta-globin can cause beta-thalassemia, a hereditary condition which causes anemia. Why would mutations in the promoter region lead to low levels of hemoglobin? a. The globin chains produced are too long to form functional hemoglobin. b. The globin chains are too short to form functional hemoglobin. c. Fewer globin chains are synthesized because less mRNA is transcribed. d. Globin chains do not fold properly and are nonfunctional.

If mRNA is complementary to the DNA template strand and the DNA template stand is complementary to the DNA non-template strand, why are base sequences of mRNA and the DNA non- template strand not identical? Could they ever be? a. No, they cannot be identical because the T nucleotide in DNA is replaced with U nucleotide in RNA and AUG is the start codon. b. No, they cannot be identical because the T nucleotide in RNA is replaced with U nucleotide in DNA. c. They can be identical if methylation of the U nucleotide in RNA occurs and gives T nucleotide. d. They can be identical if de-methylation of the U nucleotide in RNA occurs and gives T nucleotide.

What would happen if the 5鈥� methyl guanosine was not added to an mRNA? a. The transcript would degrade when the mRNA moves out of the nucleus to the cytoplasm. b. The mRNA molecule would stabilize and start the process of translation within the nucleus of the cell. c. The mRNA molecule would move out of the nucleus and create more copies of the mRNA molecule. d. The mRNA molecule would not be able to add the poly-A tail on its strand at the 5鈥� end.
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