/*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} Problem 20 Which enzyme is most directly re... [FREE SOLUTION] | 91影视

91影视

Log out

Learning Materials

Features

Discover

Chapter 14: Problem 20

Which enzyme is most directly responsible for the main process of producing a new DNA strand? a. DNA pol I b. DNA pol II c. DNA pol III d. DNA pol I, DNA pol II, and DNA pol III

Short Answer

Expert verified
DNA pol III

Step by step solution

01

鈥� Understand the Role of Each Enzyme

Firstly, identify the roles of DNA polymerase enzymes. DNA polymerase I is involved mainly in DNA repair and removing RNA primers. DNA polymerase II also plays a role in DNA repair mechanisms. DNA polymerase III is primarily responsible for the synthesis of the new DNA strand during replication.
02

鈥� Analyze the Main Process

The main process in question is the synthesis of a new DNA strand. During DNA replication, the enzyme tasked with synthesizing the new strand by adding nucleotides in the 5' to 3' direction is crucial.
03

鈥� Match the Correct Enzyme

Match the enzyme most directly responsible for the synthesis of the new DNA strand. Given that DNA polymerase III is responsible for the elongation of the new DNA strand during replication, it is the correct choice.

Unlock Step-by-Step Solutions & Ace Your Exams!

  • Full Textbook Solutions

    Get detailed explanations and key concepts

  • Unlimited Al creation

    Al flashcards, explanations, exams and more...

  • Ads-free access

    To over 500 millions flashcards

  • Money-back guarantee

    We refund you if you fail your exam.

Over 30 million students worldwide already upgrade their learning with 91影视!

Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

DNA polymerase III
DNA polymerase III is a key enzyme in DNA replication. Its main job is to add nucleotides to the new DNA strand, making it longer one base at a time. This process happens at an incredibly high speed, ensuring that the DNA replication is quick and efficient. Unlike other DNA polymerases, DNA polymerase III is specialized for accuracy and speed. It has a proofreading ability to correct mistakes during replication. If an incorrect nucleotide is added, the enzyme can remove it and replace it with the correct one. This prevents mutations and ensures the integrity of the genetic information being copied.
DNA strand synthesis
DNA strand synthesis is a critical part of the overall DNA replication process. During DNA replication, the double helix unwinds, creating two template strands. Each template serves as a guide for the synthesis of a new complementary strand. DNA polymerase III attaches to the original strand and begins to add complementary nucleotides. For example, if the original strand has a cytosine (C), DNA polymerase III will add a guanine (G) to the new strand. This new strand is built in the 5' to 3' direction. This means the enzyme can only add new nucleotides to the 3' end of the growing strand. This directional synthesis is a defining characteristic of DNA replication.
DNA replication process
DNA replication is the method by which a cell duplicates its DNA before it divides. The process starts at specific locations on the DNA molecule called origins of replication. Here鈥檚 a brief overview of the steps involved:
  • The DNA double helix unwinds, and the two strands separate.
  • Each strand serves as a template for the formation of a new complementary strand.
  • Primase synthesizes a short RNA primer that provides a starting point for DNA polymerase III.
  • DNA polymerase III then adds nucleotides to the RNA primer, extending the new DNA strand.
  • On one template strand, DNA synthesis proceeds continuously in the direction of the replication fork (leading strand synthesis). On the other strand, it is discontinuous, forming short fragments called Okazaki fragments (lagging strand synthesis).
  • Later, other enzymes like DNA polymerase I replace the RNA primers with DNA nucleotides, and DNA ligase seals any gaps between the fragments.
By the end of replication, two identical DNA molecules are formed. This ensures that each new cell will have an exact copy of the DNA. The coordination of all these steps ensures that DNA replication is highly accurate and efficient.

One App. One Place for Learning.

All the tools & learning materials you need for study success - in one app.

Get started for free

Most popular questions from this chapter

Discuss how mutations can increase variation within a population. a. Substitution mutations may cause a different amino acid to be placed at a specific location, causing small changes in the protein. Frame shift mutations usually cause multiple amino acid changes, increasing chances that a new protein will form, leading to radically different characteristics in the offspring. b. Substitution mutations may cause multiple amino acid changes, increasing chances that a new protein will form, leading to radically different characteristics in the offspring. Frame shift mutations may cause a different amino acid to be placed at a specific location, causing small changes in a protein. c. Substitution mutations may cause a different amino acid to be placed at a specific location, resulting in major changes to the protein and leading to radically different characteristics in the offspring. Frame shift mutations cause multiple amino acid differences in a protein, leading to small changes in the protein. d. Substitution mutations result in a different amino acid being placed at a specific position in a protein, causing small changes. Silent mutations could result in new characteristics possessed by an offspring when a stop codon is substituted for an amino acid.

Discuss the significance of mutations in tRNA and rRNA. a. Mutations in tRNA and rRNA would lead to the production of defective proteins or no protein production. b. Mutations in tRNA and rRNA would lead to changes in the semi-conservative mode of replication of DNA. c. Mutations in tRNA and rRNA would lead to production of a DNA strand with a mutated single strand and normal other strand. d. Mutations in tRNA and rRNA would lead to skin cancer in patients of xeroderma pigmentosa

Explain how forensic scientists are able to use DNA analysis to identify individuals. a. Comparison of DNA from a known source or individual with analysis of the sequence of an unknown sample of DNA allows scientists to find out if both of them are similar or not. b. DNA from the unknown sample is sequenced and analyzed. The result of the analysis is then matched with any random population. The matching individual then helps in forensics. c. Comparison of DNA from a known source or individual with analysis of the sequence of bases in strands of an unknown sample of RNA allows scientists to find out if both of them are similar or not. d. Comparison of DNA from a known source or individual with analysis of the sugars and phosphates in strands of an unknown sample of DNA allows scientists to find out if both of them are similar or not.

What type of body cell does not exhibit telomerase activity? a. adult stem cells b. embryonic cells c. germ cells d. liver cells

Which of the following would be a good application of plasmid transformation? a. to make copies of DNA b. to isolate a change in a single nucleotide c. to separate DNA fragments d. to sequence DNA
See all solutions

Recommended explanations on Biology Textbooks

Responding to Change

Read Explanation

Communicable Diseases

Read Explanation

Chemistry of Life

Read Explanation

Plant Biology

Read Explanation

Reproduction

Read Explanation

Ecological Levels

Read Explanation
View all explanations

What do you think about this solution?

We value your feedback to improve our textbook solutions.

Study anywhere. Anytime. Across all devices.