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Chapter 12: Problem 12

If the inheritance of two traits fully obeys Mendelian laws of inheritance, where may you assume that the genes are located? a. on any autosomal chromosome or chromosomes b. on Y chromosomes c. on the same chromosome d. on separate chromosomes

Short Answer

Expert verified
d. on separate chromosomes

Step by step solution

01

Understand Mendelian Inheritance

Mendelian inheritance refers to the patterns that govern how traits are passed from parents to offspring, based on Gregor Mendel's principles. This includes the concepts of dominant and recessive alleles, as well as the law of segregation and the law of independent assortment.
02

Law of Independent Assortment

According to the law of independent assortment, genes for different traits can segregate independently during the formation of gametes. This typically occurs when the genes are located on different chromosomes or are far apart on the same chromosome.
03

Analyze the Options

a. Any autosomal chromosome(s) implies the genes can be on any non-sex chromosome. b. Genes on Y chromosomes would not follow independent assortment unless they are the only traits considered. c. Genes on the same chromosome are unlikely unless they are far apart, allowing for crossing over to occur. d. On separate chromosomes aligns with the law of independent assortment best.
04

Choose the Best Answer

Given that fully Mendelian inheritance requires independent assortment of the traits, the most likely location of the genes is on separate chromosomes.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Law of Independent Assortment
The law of independent assortment is one of the fundamental principles of Mendelian inheritance. It states that genes for different traits can segregate, or separate, independently during the formation of gametes. This means that the inheritance of one trait is not affected by the inheritance of another.
For example, if you're considering traits like seed color and seed shape in pea plants, the gene for seed color will segregate independently from the gene for seed shape. This typically happens when the genes are on different chromosomes or when they are positioned far apart on the same chromosome, allowing for recombination.
This principle helps explain the genetic variation observed in offspring.
Dominant and Recessive Alleles
Understanding dominant and recessive alleles is crucial when studying Mendelian inheritance. Alleles are different forms of a gene. When an individual has two different alleles for a trait, the dominant allele will mask the expression of the recessive allele.
For example, if the allele for yellow seeds (Y) is dominant over the allele for green seeds (y), a plant with the genotype Yy will have yellow seeds.
  • Dominant alleles: Represented by a capital letter (e.g., Y)
  • Recessive alleles: Represented by a lowercase letter (e.g., y)
Only if an individual has two recessive alleles (yy) will the recessive trait be expressed. This predictable pattern helps us to determine the possible genetic outcomes in offspring.
Segregation of Genes
The law of segregation is another key concept in Mendelian genetics. It states that during the formation of gametes (sperm or eggs), the two alleles for a trait separate so that each gamete carries only one allele for each gene.
This ensures that offspring receive one allele from each parent. For instance, if a parent has a genotype Aa, the gametes will carry either the A allele or the a allele, but not both. This segregation occurs during meiosis, a special type of cell division that halves the number of chromosomes.
This law is fundamental to understanding how traits are inherited and reinforces why offspring have a combination of traits from both parents.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Petunias can be blue, red, or violet. When a blue flower is crossed with a red flower, all the resulting flowers are violet. Two violet petunias are crossed. Which is the most probable result of the cross? a. 75% of the flowers are blue and 25% of the flowers are red. b. 50% of the flowers are blue and 50% of the flowers are red. c. 75% of the flowers are red and 25% are blue. d. 25% of the flowers are blue, 50% of the flowers are violet, and 25% of the flowers are red.

Imagine you are performing a cross involving garden pea plants. What F1 offspring would you expect if you cross true-breeding parents with green seeds and yellow seeds? Yellow seed color is dominant over green. a. 100 percent yellow-green seeds b. 100 percent yellow seeds c. 50 percent yellow, 50 percent green seeds d. 25 percent green, 75 percent yellow seeds

Can a human male be a carrier of red-green color blindness? a. Yes, males can be the carriers of red-green color blindness, as color blindness is autosomal dominant. b. No, males cannot be the carriers of red-green color blindness, as color blindness is X-linked. c. No, males cannot be the carriers of red-green color blindness, as color blindness is Y-linked. d. Yes, males can be the carriers of red-green color blindness, as color blindness is autosomal recessive.

Fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster) with a wild-type phenotype have gray bodies and red eyes. Certain mutations can cause changes to these traits. Mutant flies may have a black body and/or cinnabar eyes. To study the genetics of these traits, a researcher crossed a truebreeding wild-typed male fly with a true-breeding female fly with a black body and cinnabar eyes. All of the F1 progeny displayed a wild type phenotype. Which of the following is correct about the traits observed? a. Gray body and cinnabar eyes are dominant. b. Eye color is sex-linked. c. Body color is sex-linked. d. Gray body and red eyes are dominant.

How many different offspring genotypes are expected in a trihybrid cross between parents heterozygous for all three traits? How many phenotypes are expected if the traits behave in a dominant and recessive pattern? a. 64 genotypes; 16 phenotypes b. 16 genotypes; 64 phenotypes c. 8 genotypes; 27 phenotypes d. 27 genotypes; 8 phenotypes
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