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Chapter 11: Problem 9

Which type of life cycle has both a haploid and a diploid multicellular stage? a. alternation of generations b. asexual c. diploid-dominant d. haploid-dominant

Short Answer

Expert verified
a. alternation of generations

Step by step solution

01

Understand the Question

Determine which life cycle includes both a haploid and a diploid multicellular stage. Multicellular stages mean that the organism develops into more than one cell during these phases.
02

Analyze Each Option

Examine each provided life cycle type: a. Alternation of generations b. Asexual c. Diploid-dominant d. Haploid-dominant
03

Identify the Alternation of Generations

Alternation of generations involves a life cycle where an organism has both a haploid (gametophyte) and a diploid (sporophyte) multicellular stage. This cycle is observed in plants, algae, and some fungi.
04

Examine Other Life Cycles

Asexual reproduction does not involve distinct haploid and diploid multicellular stages. Diploid-dominant life cycles, seen in animals, primarily have a diploid multicellular stage. Haploid-dominant life cycles, observed in fungi and some algae, primarily have a haploid multicellular stage.
05

Choose the Correct Option

Since only the alternation of generations includes both a haploid and a diploid multicellular stage, the correct answer is option a.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

haploid-diploid life cycle
The haploid-diploid life cycle is a fascinating biological process observed in many plants, algae, and fungi. In this life cycle, organisms go through two alternating phases: a haploid stage and a diploid stage. The haploid stage contains cells with a single set of chromosomes (n), while the diploid stage contains cells with two sets of chromosomes (2n). These stages are multicellular, meaning that each stage involves the organism developing into more than one cell. This life cycle allows genetic variation and adaptation to different environments.
gametophyte and sporophyte stages
The alternation of generations includes two critical multicellular stages 鈥� the gametophyte and sporophyte stages.
The gametophyte stage is haploid. It produces gametes (sperm and eggs) through mitosis. When these gametes fuse during fertilization, they form a diploid zygote. The zygote grows into the diploid sporophyte stage through mitosis.
The sporophyte stage, being diploid, produces haploid spores through meiosis. These spores then grow into new gametophytes, completing the cycle. This alternating pattern ensures that both haploid and diploid phases are represented in the organism's life cycle, enhancing its adaptability and survival.
plant reproduction
Plant reproduction encompasses various methods, but a key part is the alternation of generations that includes both sexual and asexual processes.
In sexual reproduction, plants utilize the gametophyte and sporophyte stages to ensure genetic diversity. The gametophyte stage produces gametes that combine during fertilization to form a new sporophyte.
Some plants can also reproduce asexually, creating clones of themselves without the fusion of gametes. This can occur through methods like budding, fragmentation, or the growth of runners. This ability to reproduce in different ways ensures that plants can spread and thrive in a variety of environments.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Explain how the orientation of homologous chromosomes during metaphase I of meiosis contributes to greater variation in gametes. a. The random alignment of homologous chromosomes at the metaphase plate ensures the random destination of the chromosomes in the daughter cells. b. Because homologous chromosomes dissociate from the spindle fibers during metaphase I, they move randomly to the daughter cells. c. The homologous chromosomes are paired tightly during metaphase I and undergo crossover as the synaptonemal complex forms a lattice around them. d. Recombination of maternal and paternal chromosomes occurs in metaphase I because the homologous chromosomes are not connected at their centromeres.

Which of the following distinguishes metaphase I from metaphase II? a. Metaphase I occurs when chromosomes appear in homologous pairs on the spindle. Metaphase II has a single line of chromosomes on the spindle. A Pair of chromosomes is pulled apart and migrate towards pole in anaphase I, while in anaphase II sister chromatids separate. Telophase I reconstitutes the nucleus and loosen the chromosomes, while telophase II mimics telophase I. b. Prophase I condenses the chromosomes and eliminates the nuclear membrane. The microtubules arrange in a spindle. Prophase II mimics prophase I. Metaphase I occurs when chromosomes appear in homologous pairs on the spindle. Metaphase II has a single line of chromosomes on the spindle. Pairs of chromosomes are pulled apart and migrate towards the poles during anaphase I, while in anaphase II sister chromatids separate. Telophase I reconstitutes the nucleus and condenses the chromosomes, while telophase II mimics telophase I. c. Prophase I condense the chromosomes and add nuclear membrane. The microtubules arrange in a spindle. Prophase II mimics prophase I. Metaphase I occurs when chromosomes appear in homologous pairs on the spindle. Metaphase II has a single line of chromosomes on the spindle. Pair of chromosomes are pulled apart and migrate towards the poles in anaphase I, while in anaphase II sister chromatids separate. Telophase I reconstitutes the nucleus and loosens the chromosomes, while telophase II mimics telophase I. d. Prophase I condenses the chromosomes and eliminates the nuclear membrane. The microtubules arrange in a spindle. Prophase II mimics prophase I. Metaphase I occurs when chromosomes appear in homologous pairs on the spindle. During Metaphase II, the chromosomes line up in a double line across the spindle. Each pair of chromosomes is pulled apart and migrate towards the poles in anaphase I, while in anaphase II sister chromatids separate. Telophase I reconstitutes the nucleus and loosen the chromosomes, while telophase II mimics telophase I.

During which phase does the second round of genetic variation occur during meiosis? a. anaphase I b. metaphase I c. prophase II d. Genetic variation only occurs during prophase I.

Reproductive cells in most species are different from the cells that make up the rest of the organism. What are the 鈥渂ody鈥� cells called and how are they different from the reproductive cells? a. Body cells are called gametes and they have half the number of chromosomes found in reproductive cells. b. Body cells are called somatic cells and have the same number of chromosomes as reproductive cells. c. Body cells are called somatic cells and have double the number of chromosomes found in reproductive cells. d. Body cells are called gametes and have double the number of chromosomes found in reproductive cells.

Which three processes lead to variation among offspring that have the same two parents? a. genetic recombination, fertilization, meiosis b. crossing over, random chromosome assortment, genetic recombination c. meiosis, crossing over, genetic recombination d. fertilization, crossing over, random chromosome assortment
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