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Chapter 11: Problem 14

What is a haploid cell produced in a diploid-dominant organism by meiosis called? a. gamete b. gametophyte c. spore d. sporophyte

Short Answer

Expert verified
The haploid cell produced by meiosis in a diploid-dominant organism is called a gamete.

Step by step solution

01

- Understand Diploid-Dominant Organisms

Diploid-dominant organisms are those in which the diploid stage is the most prominent and long-lived part of the life cycle. Humans, animals, and many plants are examples of diploid-dominant organisms.
02

- Define Haploid

A haploid cell contains one complete set of chromosomes. This is half the number of chromosomes found in diploid cells. Haploid cells in diploid-dominant organisms are typically produced through meiosis.
03

- Identify the Process of Meiosis

Meiosis is a type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, resulting in the production of four haploid cells from one diploid cell. This process is crucial for sexual reproduction.
04

- Recognize the Products of Meiosis

The haploid cells produced by meiosis in diploid-dominant organisms are called gametes. These cells are involved in sexual reproduction. When two gametes (e.g., sperm and egg) fuse, they form a diploid zygote.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Diploid-Dominant Organisms
Diploid-dominant organisms have the most prominent and long-lived phase in the diploid state. In these organisms, the diploid stage contains two complete sets of chromosomes. Examples of diploid-dominant organisms include humans, animals, and many plants. This stage lasts the longest in their life cycle, while the haploid stage, if present, is typically short-lived.

In humans, for instance, most cells in the body are diploid, containing 23 pairs (46 total) of chromosomes. This ensures genetic diversity and stability during growth and development.
Meiosis
Meiosis is a special type of cell division that reduces the number of chromosomes by half, creating four genetically distinct haploid cells from a single diploid cell. This process is essential for sexual reproduction.

Meiosis occurs in two main stages: Meiosis I and Meiosis II.
  • During Meiosis I, homologous chromosomes are separated, resulting in two haploid cells, each with half the original number of chromosomes.
  • In Meiosis II, the sister chromatids within these haploid cells are separated, leading to a total of four haploid cells.

These haploid cells are crucial for forming gametes, which play a key role in sexual reproduction.
Gametes
Gametes are the haploid cells produced through meiosis in diploid-dominant organisms. They contain one complete set of chromosomes, which is half the number found in diploid cells.

In animals, the two primary types of gametes are:
  • Sperm: The male gametes are small, mobile, and designed to fertilize the female gamete.
  • Eggs (or ova): The female gametes are larger and contain nutrients necessary for the early stages of embryo development.

The fusion of a sperm and an egg during fertilization results in the formation of a diploid zygote, which then develops into a new organism.
Sexual Reproduction
Sexual reproduction is a biological process that involves the combination of genetic material from two different cells, typically gametes, to create a new organism. This process increases genetic diversity within a population.

The key steps in sexual reproduction include:
  • Meiosis: The production of haploid gametes from diploid cells.
  • Fertilization: The fusion of male and female gametes to form a diploid zygote.
  • Development: The zygote undergoes cell division and differentiation to grow into a mature organism.

Sexual reproduction ensures that offspring inherit a mix of traits from both parents, which can enhance survival and adaptability in changing environments.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Reproductive cells in most species are different from the cells that make up the rest of the organism. What are the 鈥渂ody鈥� cells called and how are they different from the reproductive cells? a. Body cells are called gametes and they have half the number of chromosomes found in reproductive cells. b. Body cells are called somatic cells and have the same number of chromosomes as reproductive cells. c. Body cells are called somatic cells and have double the number of chromosomes found in reproductive cells. d. Body cells are called gametes and have double the number of chromosomes found in reproductive cells.

Compare the three main types of life cycles in multicellular organisms and give an example of an organism that employs each. a. In a diploid dominant cycle, the multicellular diploid stage is present, as in humans. Haploid dominant life cycles have a multicellular haploid stage, as in fungi. In alternation of generations, both haploid dominant and diploid dominant stages alternate, as in plants. b. In a diploid dominant cycle, the unicellular diploid stage is present, as in humans. In a haploid dominant life cycle, a unicellular haploid stage is present, as in fungi. In alternation of generations both haploid dominant and diploid dominant stages alternate, as in plants. c. In a diploid dominant cycle, a multicellular haploid stage is present, as in humans. In a haploid dominant life cycle, a multicellular diploid stage is present, as in fungi. In alternation of generations, both haploid dominant and diploid dominant stages alternate, as in plants. d. In a diploid dominant cycle, a multicellular diploid stage is present, as in algae. In a haploid dominant life cycle, a multicellular haploid stage is present, as in plants. In alternation of generations, both haploid dominant and diploid dominant stages alternate, as in fungi.

Which one of the three types of life cycles of sexually reproducing organisms does not have a multicellular haploid stage? a. alternation of generations b. diploid-dominant c. haploid-dominant d. They all have a multicellular haploid stage in their life cycles.

What phase(s) of mitotic interphase is missing from meiotic interkinesis? a. \(\mathrm{G}_{0}\) phase b. \(\mathrm{G}_{1}\) phase c. \(\mathrm{G}_{2}\) phase d. \(\mathrm{S}\)-phase

Spores are structures produced by some plants and all fungi. Which is true about them? a. Spores are haploid reproductive cells that can produce haploid organisms through mitosis. b. Spores are haploid precursors to gametes that give rise to gametes when environmental conditions are favorable. c. Spores are haploid reproductive cells that can produce diploid cells without fertilization. d. Spores are haploid cells formed only during asexual reproduction and so are not formed by meiosis.
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