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Chapter 1: Problem 18

Which of the following structures is conserved in all living organisms and points to a common origin? a. All living organisms have mitochondria that produce energy. b. All living organisms store genetic material in DNA/RNA. c. All living organisms use the energy from sunlight d. All living organisms have a nucleus.

Short Answer

Expert verified
Option B: All living organisms store genetic material in DNA/RNA.

Step by step solution

01

Identify Key Concepts

Read through the exercise carefully to determine the main focus. The exercise is asking which structure is conserved in all living organisms, indicating a common origin.
02

Analyze Each Option

Review each of the options provided to determine if they are common to all living organisms.
03

Option A: Mitochondria

Not all living organisms have mitochondria. For example, prokaryotes like bacteria do not possess mitochondria.
04

Option B: Genetic Material

All living organisms store genetic material either in DNA or RNA. This is a fundamental feature of life, indicating a common origin.
05

Option C: Sunlight Energy

Not all living organisms use the energy from sunlight. For example, many organisms rely on chemical energy sources.
06

Option D: Nucleus

Not all living organisms have a nucleus. For example, prokaryotes such as bacteria lack a nucleus.
07

Conclusion

Based on the analysis, option B is the correct answer because storing genetic material in DNA or RNA is a conserved feature in all living organisms.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

genetic material
All living organisms have a fundamental feature in common: they store their genetic material in DNA or RNA.
Genetic material is what provides the instructions for the functioning, growth, and reproduction of every living cell.
This material is so critical that it's found in every life form, from the simplest bacteria to the most complex plants and animals.

  • If genetic material were missing or altered, the organism would likely not survive.
  • Even viruses, which are not considered fully alive by many scientists, contain either DNA or RNA.
  • This commonality points to a shared origin for all life on Earth.
Understanding that all organisms store genetic material in the form of DNA or RNA helps us grasp a fundamental connection between all life forms.
DNA and RNA
Two primary types of genetic material exist: DNA and RNA.
DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is the molecule that holds the genetic blueprint for most living organisms.
RNA, or ribonucleic acid, acts as a messenger carrying instructions from DNA to control the synthesis of proteins.

  • DNA is more stable and is usually double-stranded, which helps protect the genetic information.
  • RNA is typically single-stranded and plays various roles in the cell, including acting as a template for protein synthesis.
  • Prokaryotes usually have circular DNA, while eukaryotes have linear DNA packed into chromosomes.

In some viruses, RNA is used to store genetic information instead of DNA.
This difference makes RNA more versatile, but also more prone to mutations.
By studying DNA and RNA, scientists can trace the lineage and evolution of organisms.
prokaryotes and eukaryotes
One key distinction in biology is between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
Prokaryotes include bacteria and archaea, and they lack a nucleus.
Eukaryotes include animals, plants, fungi, and protists, and their cells have a nucleus.

  • Prokaryotes are usually simpler and smaller than eukaryotes.
  • They were the first forms of life on Earth.
  • Eukaryotic cells are more complex; they contain organelles such as mitochondria and a well-defined nucleus.

Both types of cells store genetic material, but in different ways.
Prokaryotes have a single, circular strand of DNA located in the cytoplasm.
Eukaryotes have multiple linear chromosomes contained within a nucleus.
Understanding the differences and similarities between prokaryotes and eukaryotes allows us to appreciate the diversity and complexity of life.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

What scientific evidence was used by Carl Woese to determine there should be a separate domain for Archaea? $$ \begin{array}{l}{\text { a. } \text { a sequence of DNA }} \\ {\text { b. a sequence of rRNA }} \\ {\text { c. a sequence of mRNA. }} \\ {\text { d. a sequence of tRNA. }}\end{array} $$

What are two topics that are likely to be studied by biologists and two areas of scientific study that would fall outside the realm of biology? a. diseases affecting humans, pollution affecting species habitat, calculating surface area of rectangular ground, functioning of planetary orbitals b. calculating surface area of rectangular ground, functioning of planetary orbitals, formation of metamorphic rocks, galaxy formation and evolution c. plant responses to external stimuli, functioning of planetary orbitals, formation of metamorphic rocks, galaxy formation and evolution d. plant responses to external stimuli, study of the shape and motion of physical objects, formation of metamorphic rocks, galaxy formation and evolution

Read the following questions. Does the statement lend itself to investigation using the scientific method? In other words, is the hypothesis falsifiable (can be proven false)? 1\. Is macaroni and cheese tastier than broccoli soup? 2\. Are hummingbirds attracted to the color red? 3\. Is the moon made out of green cheese? 4\. Is plagiarism dishonest? a. Questions 1 and 2 are subjective and cannot be disproven using scientific method. Questions 3 and 4 can be tested using scientific method. b. Questions 3 and 4 are subjective and cannot be disproven using scientific method. Questions 1 and 2 can be tested using scientific method. c. Questions 1 and 3 are subjective and cannot be disproven using scientific method. Questions 2 and 4 can be tested using scientific method. d. Questions 1 and 4 are subjective and cannot be disproven using scientific method. Questions 2 and 3 can be tested using scientific method.

Birds have been reclassified as reptiles. What is one line of evidence that has led to this reclassification? a. Archeoptery is the connecting link between birds and reptiles which shows that birds and reptiles are related. b. Birds have scales, having the same origin as that of reptiles. c. Birds and reptiles have the same circulatory and excretory systems and both are egg laying animals. d. Birds and reptiles have similar anatomical and morphological features.

Is mathematics a natural science? Explain your reasoning. a. No it is not a natural science because it is not used in the study of the natural world. b. No, it is not a natural science. Mathematics focuses on understanding mathematical relations and calculations, which is useful in natural sciences but which is distinct. c. Yes, it is a natural science. Mathematics deals with verifying the experimental data. d. Yes, it is a natural science. It uses chemical and physical measurements.
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