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Chapter 46: Problem 9

The afferent arteriole delivers blood to the (a) renal artery (b) efferent arteriole (c) renal vein (d) capillaries of the glomerulus (e) peritubular capillaries

Short Answer

Expert verified
The afferent arteriole delivers blood to the (d) capillaries of the glomerulus.

Step by step solution

01

Understanding the Afferent Arteriole Function

The afferent arteriole plays a crucial role in the kidney's blood filtration process. Its primary function is to deliver blood to the nephron, particularly to the glomerular structure.
02

Identifying the Pathway

Since the afferent arteriole delivers blood directly into the glomerulus, we need to identify the correct structure it connects to. The glomerulus is a cluster of capillaries where filtration begins.
03

Choosing the Correct Option

Given the role and pathway of the afferent arteriole, the correct option corresponds to the structure receiving blood for filtration. Thus, it connects to the (d) capillaries of the glomerulus.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Afferent Arteriole
The afferent arteriole is an important blood vessel in the kidney's filtration system. It primarily functions as a conduit, delivering blood to the glomerulus. This connection is crucial for the kidney to filter blood effectively.

The walls of the afferent arteriole are lined with smooth muscle cells that can contract or relax. This action helps regulate blood pressure entering the glomerulus, ensuring that the filtration process can proceed smoothly.
  • Delivers blood from the renal artery to the glomerulus.
  • Regulates blood flow and pressure through vasoconstriction and vasodilation.
Glomerulus
The glomerulus is a key structure within the nephron of the kidney. It consists of a tuft of capillaries and acts as the first stage of the blood filtration process. As blood enters through the afferent arteriole, it passes through these tiny capillaries.

The structure of the glomerulus allows for high-efficiency filtration. Only small molecules can pass through its semi-permeable membrane, which keeps larger molecules like proteins and cells in the bloodstream.
  • Responsible for filtering blood plasma.
  • Retains important substances while removing waste.
Blood Filtration
Blood filtration is the process by which the kidney removes waste products and excess substances from the blood. This process initiates in the glomerulus. Small molecules such as water, glucose, ions, and urea are filtered while larger molecules are retained.

Through various filtering stages, the kidney makes sure the body maintains balance. The efficiency of filtration is determined by the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Having a healthy GFR is crucial for preventing toxin accumulation in the body.
  • Essential for removing toxins and maintaining homeostasis.
  • Maintains fluid and electrolyte balance.
Nephron
The nephron is the basic functional unit of the kidney, with each kidney containing over a million nephrons. Each nephron is comprised of several important structures, including the glomerulus and a series of tubules.

The nephron performs a sequence of functions: filtration, reabsorption, secretion, and excretion. The coordinated work of these phases helps the body to clean the blood, balance electrolytes, and regulate blood pressure.
  • Main functional unit involved in blood purification.
  • Adjusts concentration of urine through reabsorption and secretion.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Which is not true of ADH? (a) released by posterior lobe of the pituitary gland (b) increases water reabsorption (c) secretion increases when osmotic pressure in body increases (d) increases urine volume (e) secretion decreases when you drink a lot of water

Which of the following does not contribute to the high salt concentration in the interstitial fluid in the medulla of the kidney? (a) reabsorption of salt from various regions of Bowman's capsule (b) diffusion of salt from the ascending limb of the loop of Henle (c) active transport of sodium from the upper part of the ascending limb (d) counterflow of fluid through the two limbs of the loop of Henle (e) diffusion of urea out of the collecting duct

The process that maintains homeostasis of body fluids, keeping them from becoming too dilute or too concentrated is called (a) excretion (b) elimination (c) osmoregulation (d) glomerular filtration (e) tubular secretion

Arrange the following structures into an accurate sequence through which filtrate passes. (1) proximal convoluted tubule (2) loop of Henle ( 3 ) collecting duct (4) distal convoluted tubule (5) Bowman's capsule (a) 5,4,3,2,1 (b) 3,4,2,5,1 (c) 1,5,2,3,4 (d) 5,4,2,3,1 (e) 5,1,2,4,3

Which of the following does not contribute to the process of filtration? (a) high hydrostatic blood pressure in glomerular capillaries (b) large surface area for filtration (c) permeability of glomerular capillaries (d) active transport by epithelial cells lining renal tubules (e) podocytes
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