91Ó°ÊÓ

Which of the following is not a defining characteristic of vertebrates? a. cranium b. hinged jaw c. vertebral column d. endoskeleton

Which of the following organisms are considered cyclostomes? a. tunicates b. hagfish c. lampreys d. both a and b e. both b and c

The presence of a bony skeleton, an operculum, and a swim bladder are all defining characteristics of a. Myxini. b. lampreys. c. Chondrichthyes. d. bony fishes. e. amphibians.

Which type of fish is a lobe-fin? a. moray eel b. sea dragon c. lamprey d. stingray e. lungfish

Organisms that lay eggs are said to be a. oviparous. b. ovoviparous. c. viviparous. d. placental. e. none of the above.

Which clade does not include frogs? a. vertebrates b. gnathostomes c. tetrapods d. amniotes e. lobe fins

In some amphibians, the adult retains certain larval characteristics, a phenomenon known as a. metamorphosis. b. parthenogenesis. c. cephalization. d. paedomorphosis. e. hermaphrodism.

The membrane of the amniotic egg that serves as a site for waste storage is the a. amnion. b. yolk sac. c. allantois. d. chorion. e. albumin.

Which characteristic qualifies lizards as gnathostomes? a. a cranium b. a skeleton of bone or cartilage c. a hinged jaw d. the possession of limbs e. amniotic eggs

Which of the following is not a distinguishing characteristic of birds? a. amniotic egg b. feathers c. air sacs d. lack of certain organs e. lightweight skeletons