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Fruits are unique to flowering plants, that is they are only produced by the flowering plants. The ovary of the flower grows to become the fruit and the ovules become the seeds which develop within the fruit, after fertilization. The fruit guards the seed and the embryo developing within it. They are available in a variety of shapes, sizes and textures.

The pericarp and the seed are the two components that make up a fruit. The pericarp is the outer wall of the ovary from which the fruit develops.

Pericarp has three layers, called the exocarp, mesocarp and endocarp.

• The endocarp is the layer of pericarp that is positioned right next to the seed coat. It is the inner layer of pericarp.
• Pericarp is the outer wall of ovary from which the fruit develops.
• The mesocarp is the middle layer of the pericarp between the exocarp and endocarp.

• The exocarp is the pericarp's outermost layer, which forms the fruit's exterior surface.
• The exocarp can be in the form of a fruit's skin, peel, rind or husk.
• The exocarp protects the mesocarp from the surrounding elements.