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A stem can be defined as the main structural axes of all the vascular plants. It supports different parts of the plant such as flowers, leaves, and fruits. It also helps in the transport of dissolved substances and water.

Parenchyma cells are the type of plant cells and they are mostly found in the stem, interior of the leaf, the root, and the pulp of the fruit. These cells are responsible for repair mechanisms and also metabolic activities in plants. The part of the stem that contains the central pith and peripheral cortex is mainly composed of parenchyma cells.

Vascular tissues are composed of phloem cells. The components of phloem are companion cells, phloem fibers, sieve-tube, and phloem parenchyma.

Sclerenchyma cells are he layer of cells present inside he cortex. these sclerenchyma are the fibers helpful for rope making and clothing purposes.

Vascular tissue composed of xylem cells that consists of vessel elements, tracheids, and xylem parenchyma.

Therefore, the correct option is (A).

The layer containing the pith and cortex is composed of parenchyma cells.