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Chapter 16: Q. 19 (page 415)

Post-translational modifications of proteins can affect one of the following?

a. protein function

b. transcriptional regulation

c. chromatin modification

d. all of the above

Short Answer

Expert verified

Option a is the correct answer

Step by step solution

01

Introduction

Proteins can be chemically altered by adding groups like acetyl, methyl, phosphate, and ubiquitin. Proteins' activity or how long they stay in the cell depends on the presence or absence of these groups. Sometimes, these alterations can control a protein's location within a cell, such as in the cytoplasm, the nucleus, or linked to the plasma membrane.

02

The explanation for the correct answer

Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) are covalent processing activities that, through proteolytic cleavage and the addition of modifying groups to one or more amino acids, alter the characteristics and functionality of a protein.

03

The explanation for the incorrect options

The stability, decomposition, or functionality of the protein may be significantly impacted by these post-translational alterations. So, the rest of the options are irrelevant.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

What will result from the binding of a transcription factor to an enhancer region?

a. decreased transcription of an adjacent gene

b. increased transcription of a distant gene

c. alteration of the translation of an adjacent gene

d. initiation of the recruitment of RNA polymerase

Control of gene expression in eukaryotic cells occurs at which level(s)?

a. only the transcriptional level

b. epigenetic and transcriptional levels

c. epigenetic, transcriptional, and translational levels

d. epigenetic, transcriptional, post-transcriptional, translational, and post-translational levels

Some autoimmune diseases show a positive correlation with dramatically decreased expression of histone deacetylase 9 (HDAC9, an enzyme that removes acetyl groups from histones). Why would the decreased expression of HDAC9 cause immune cells to produce inflammatory genes at inappropriate times?

Cancer causing genes are called ________.

a. transformation genes

b. tumor suppressor genes

c. oncogenes

d. mutated genes

New drugs are being developed that decrease DNA methylation and prevent the removal of acetyl groups from histone proteins. Explain how these drugs could affect gene expression to help kill tumor cells
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