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It is defined as an evolutionary occurrence or process that occurs when lineages divide, resulting in the emergence of biological species.

The punctuated equilibrium model and the gradual speciation model are two approaches for explaining speciation rates.

A new species experiences rapid changes from its parental species, according to the punctuated equilibrium paradigm, and then remains unchanging for lengthy periods of time. A new species separates or diverges gradually over time in a few modest steps, according to the gradual speciation paradigm.

Natural selection principles, mutation effects, gene flow, and genetic drift are all shared by both models, as speciation occurs through a change in genetic structure and is subject to natural selection in both.