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In order to create novel methods for treating and preventing disease, scientists make advantage of what is known about the regulation of gene expression in disease states, such as cancer. Gene expression patterns in specific malignancies can be used to create drugs. The area of personalized medicine was established on the premise that treatment plans and medications can be customized for each patient. Drugs can be created to specifically target diseased cells without hurting healthy cells with a better understanding of gene control and gene function. As an illustration, the treatment of a subpopulation of breast cancer tumors with extremely high levels of the EGF protein using anti-EGF receptor medications. Undoubtedly, as scientists learn more about how changes occur, more focused therapies will be created.

Medical practitioners can get important insights from human genome sequences, while scientists can learn more about a species' genome by studying the full genome sequences of model organisms. Personalized medicine could be developed in the future as a result of automation and falling whole genome sequencing costs.