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Chapter 25: Problem 20

The dominant organism in fern is the _____. a. sperm b. spore c. gamete d. sporophyte

Short Answer

Expert verified
d. sporophyte

Step by step solution

01

Understand the Question

The question asks for the dominant organism in ferns. Knowing this aspect of the fern life cycle is essential for answering the question correctly.
02

Review Fern Life Cycle

Ferns have a life cycle that includes two main stages: the sporophyte and the gametophyte. The sporophyte is the diploid phase, producing spores, and the gametophyte is the haploid phase, producing gametes.
03

Identify Dominant Stage

Determine which stage is more prominent and longer-lived in ferns. In ferns, the sporophyte stage is the dominant and more visible phase of the life cycle.
04

Select the Correct Answer

Given the options: a. sperm, b. spore, c. gamete, d. sporophyte, the correct answer is d. sporophyte as it is the dominant organism in ferns.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Sporophyte Stage
In the fern life cycle, the sporophyte stage is the longest and most prominent. This stage is diploid, meaning it has two sets of chromosomes. It begins when the fertilized egg, or zygote, develops into a mature fern plant.
The sporophyte is the leafy green plant most people recognize as a fern. It produces spores through a process called meiosis.
Meiosis creates spore cells that are haploid, containing only one set of chromosomes. These spores are then released into the environment, usually from structures called sporangia. This starts the next phase in the life cycle.
Gametophyte Stage
The gametophyte stage in ferns is less visible but crucial to their life cycle. It is haploid, containing just one set of chromosomes. The stage begins when the spores from the sporophyte land in suitable conditions and grow into tiny, heart-shaped structures called prothalli.
These gametophytes produce both male and female gametes. Male gametes are known as sperm cells and are produced in structures called antheridia. Female gametes are known as egg cells and are produced in structures called archegonia.
The sperm swims through water to reach the egg, leading to fertilization and the formation of a new zygote. This zygote grows into a new sporophyte, completing the cycle.
Dominant Organism
In the context of ferns, the term 'dominant organism' refers to the stage in their life cycle that is most apparent and long-lasting. For ferns, this is the sporophyte stage.
The sporophyte is what you typically see when you look at a fern plant. It is larger, more complex, and lives longer than the gametophyte stage. The dominance of the sporophyte is a significant characteristic of higher plants.
Plants' evolutionary transition has favored the diploid sporophyte stage over the haploid gametophyte stage. This shift likely offers a genetic advantage by having two sets of chromosomes, enabling better genetic diversity and adaptability.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

In areas where it rains often, mosses grow on roofs. How do mosses survive on roofs without soil?

Which of the following structures is not found in bryophytes? a. a cellulose cell wall b. chloroplast c. sporangium d. root

Which of the following traits of land plants allows them to grow in height? a. alternation of generations b. waxy cuticle c. tracheids d. sporopollenin

Describe a minimum of two ways that plants changed the land environment to support the emergence of land animals.

Which of the following features does not support the inclusion of Charophytes in the Plantae kingdom? a. Charophyte chloroplasts contain chlorophyll \(\mathrm{a}\) and \(\mathrm{b}\). b. Charophyte plant cell walls contain plasmodesmata to allow transfer between cells within multicellular organisms. c. Charophytes do not exhibit growth throughout the entire plant body. d. Charophytes are multicellular organisms that lack vascular tissue.
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