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Chapter 14: Problem 8

In eukaryotes, what is the DNA wrapped around? a. single-stranded binding proteins b. sliding clamp c. polymerase d. histones

Short Answer

Expert verified
d. histones

Step by step solution

01

Understand the Context

In eukaryotic cells, DNA needs to be efficiently packaged to fit inside the nucleus. This is achieved with the help of specific proteins that DNA wraps around.
02

Identify Key Terms

The key term here is 'wrapped around.' This term indicates that DNA is physically encircled or wound around certain proteins.
03

Review Each Option

a. Single-stranded binding proteins: These proteins bind temporarily to single-stranded DNA but do not serve as a structural wrap. b. Sliding clamp: This is involved in DNA replication but not in wrapping DNA. c. Polymerase: This is an enzyme that synthesizes DNA and does not have a structural role in packaging DNA. d. Histones: These proteins serve as the main structural component around which DNA is wrapped in eukaryotic cells.
04

Conclude the Answer

Given the definitions and roles of each protein, the correct answer is histones. Histones are the proteins around which DNA is wound to form nucleosomes, which further compact to form chromatin structures.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Histones
In eukaryotic cells, DNA is too long to fit inside the nucleus without being efficiently packaged. This is where histones come in. Histones are positively charged proteins that play a significant role in the packaging of DNA. They act as spools around which DNA winds, allowing it to be compacted and organized within the cell nucleus. Four core histones鈥擧2A, H2B, H3, and H4鈥攆orm a histone octamer, around which DNA wraps approximately 1.65 times. This wrapping reduces the length of DNA, making it more compact and manageable.
Nucleosomes
Nucleosomes are the basic units of DNA packaging in eukaryotes and consist of DNA wrapped around histone proteins. Imagine nucleosomes as 鈥榖eads鈥� on a string of DNA. Each nucleosome core particle comprises about 147 base pairs of DNA wrapped 1.65 times around a histone octamer. This structure repeats along the DNA strand, helping to further compact the DNA into a more manageable form. The 'string' of DNA between nucleosomes is called linker DNA and is associated with another histone called H1, which adds an additional layer of compacting and stabilization.
Chromatin structure
Chromatin is the complex of DNA and protein found in eukaryotic cell nuclei. The organization of chromatin can impact gene expression and DNA replication. There are two forms of chromatin:
鈥� Euchromatin - This is less tightly packed and is often associated with actively transcribed genes.
鈥� Heterochromatin - This is more tightly packed and is usually associated with silenced genes.
By efficiently packaging DNA, chromatin structure also plays a key role in protecting DNA from damage and ensuring proper chromosome segregation during cell division.
DNA organization
Efficient DNA organization is crucial for managing the large size of eukaryotic genomes. The organization begins with DNA double helix wrapping around histones to form nucleosomes, which pack together to form chromatin fibers. These fibers further loop and fold to form higher-order structures, ultimately compacting into chromosomes during cell division. This hierarchical structure enables the cell to effectively manage DNA processes such as replication, repair, and transcription. It also ensures that genes are accessible in a regulated manner, contributing to the overall functionality and viability of the cell.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Bacterial transformation is a major concern in many medical settings. Why might health care providers be concerned? a. Pathogenic bacteria could introduce disease-causing genes in non-pathogenic bacteria. b. Antibiotic resistance genes could be introduced to new bacteria to create "superbugs." c. Bacteriophages could spread DNA encoding toxins to new bacteria. d. All of the above.

The experiments by Hershey and Chase helped confirm that DNA was the hereditary material on the basis of the finding that: a. radioactive phage were found in the pellet b. radioactive cells were found in the supernatant c. radioactive sulfur was found inside the cell d. radioactive phosphorus was found in the cell

If the rate of replication in a particular prokaryote is 900 nucleotides per second, how long would it take 1.2 million base pair genomes to make two copies?

In eukaryotic cells, DNA and RNA synthesis occur in a separate compartment from protein synthesis. In prokaryotic cells, both processes occur together. What advantages might there be to separating the processes? What advantages might there be to having them occur together?

How did Meselson and Stahl support Watson and Crick's double-helix model? a. They demonstrated that each strand serves as a template for synthesizing a new strand of DNA. b. They showed that the DNA strands break and recombine without losing genetic material. c. They proved that DNA maintains a doublehelix structure while undergoing semiconservative replication. d. They demonstrated that conservative replication maintains the complementary base pairing of each DNA helix.
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