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A common example of a modified base found in RNA is pseudouridine (Ψ). Pseudouridine is an isomer of uridine, with the nitrogen-carbon (N-C) bond of the uracil base and the ribose sugar replaced by a carbon-carbon (C-C) bond.

Modified bases in RNA are biologically useful for several reasons: 1. Structural stability: Some modified bases, like pseudouridine, can increase the overall stability of RNA secondary and tertiary structures by forming additional hydrogen bonds or stacking interactions, which contribute to the proper folding and functioning of RNA molecules. 2. Regulatory roles: Modified bases in functional RNA molecules, such as ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and transfer RNA (tRNA), can have regulatory roles, which affect processes like translation and ribosome assembly. 3. RNA-protein interactions: Modifications in RNA can also influence RNA-protein interactions, playing essential roles in processes like RNA splicing, transport, and stability. 4. Epitranscriptomic regulation: RNA modifications can participate in gene regulation by affecting RNA stability, localization, and translation efficiency. Some modifications can be reversible, allowing dynamic changes in the RNA function under different cellular conditions, thereby contributing to the complexity and diversity of gene expression regulation. Overall, the presence of modified bases in RNA allows for an added layer of structural and functional diversity, enabling RNA molecules to participate in various biological processes and cellular regulations.