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Chapter 8: Problem 9

Why does an oxygen deficit occur at the start of submaximal exercise in vertebrates? What are the mechanisms of ATP production during the oxygen deficit phase, and how is ATP made in the ensuing pay-as-you-go phase?

Short Answer

Expert verified
An oxygen deficit occurs at the start of submaximal exercise because the body's demand for oxygen rises more quickly than its supply. During this deficit, ATP is produced anaerobically, primarily through the process of glycolysis. When the Supply catches up to the demand for oxygen, in the pay-as-you-go phase, the body switches to producing ATP aerobically through the Krebs Cycle and Electron Transport Chain with carbohydrates and fats as primary fuel.

Step by step solution

01

Understanding Oxygen Deficit

At the beginning of any sudden exercise, sub-maximal or otherwise, the demand for oxygen in the body's cells immediately increases. However, the supply of oxygen does not increase as quickly, hence creating a temporary oxygen deficit. The body takes some time to adjust to the increased physical activity, and during this transition phase, it suffers from a shortage of oxygen.
02

ATP production during Oxygen Deficit

During the oxygen deficit phase, the cells in the body produce ATP anaerobically, i.e., without the use of oxygen. This is done primarily through the process of glycolysis, where glucose is converted into pyruvate and ATP. When not enough oxygen is present this pyruvate is then converted into lactate.
03

ATP production in the Pay-as-you-go phase

As the body catches up to the increased demand for oxygen during exercise, it enters the pay-as-you-go phase, also known as the steady state phase. In this phase, the body鈥檚 cells produce ATP aerobically, i.e., using oxygen. This happens through a series of reactions known as the Krebs Cycle followed by the Electron Transport Chain. The body primarily uses carbohydrates and fats as the fuel for these series of reactions, converting them into carbon dioxide, water and ATP.

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